Investment opportunities

I. Special Economic Zone

 

1. Legal framework

• Law No. 14/022 of July 7, 2014 establishing the regime of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

The purpose of this law is to "promote investment through the creation of Special Economic Zones, in accordance with Article 34, point 3 of the Constitution".

 

• Objectives of the Law:

 

1.    To improve the legal and institutional framework likely to attract and preserve national and foreign private investment, with a view to promoting the country's development;

2.    Simplify administrative procedures in order to further improve the business climate and attract investment;

3.     Strengthen mechanisms for the resolution of investment disputes;

4.     Provide an incentive, transparent and coherent business environment to encourage domestic and foreign private investment that generates growth and employment and increase competition in the Democratic Republic of the Congo;

5.     Lay down the rules for the organization and operation of the special economic zones, their missions and boundaries;

6.     Determine the supervisory powers of the Special Economic Zones Agency, including its exclusive and private powers;

7.    Specify the regime applicable to enterprises that may operate in the special economic zones, except for the tax and customs provisions that will be set out in the Finance Act.

 

Decree n° 20/004 of 5 March 2020, fixing the advantages and facilities to be granted to investors operating in the Special Economic Zones in the DRC.

 

• For planners

-      Total exemption from property, furniture and business tax on profits for 10 years, renewable once after evaluation;

-      50% reduction of the tax rate set from the 21st year;

-      Total exemption from import duties and taxes on machinery, tools and equipment, new or used, capital goods ... for 10 years...

 

• For companies

 

-      Total exemption from property, furniture and business tax on profits for 5 years, renewable once after evaluation;

-      50% reduction of the tax rate set from the 11th year;

-      Application of the exceptional depreciation system;

-      Total exemption from import duties and taxes on machinery, tools and equipment, new or used, capital goods... for 10 years;

-      Exemption from export duties and taxes on finished products for 10 years...

 

 

II. Identified Special Economic Zones:

 

1. Kinshasa area:

-       Erection of the Maluku Pilot Zone (in progress);

-       Developer already recruited and contract signed with the Congolese Government and very soon.

1. Characteristics of the Maluku SEZ

The Maluku SEZ was created by decree n°12/021 of 16 July 2012. This site has the following characteristics:

1.    Surface area: 885 ha including 244 ha for the pilot zone;

2.    Industrial sectors concerned:

•    Agro-industry;
  • Construction materials;
  • Packaging;
  • Metallurgical processing

3.   Located near Kinshasa, a market of more than 12 million inhabitants;

4.   Good national and international transport connections;

5.   Located close to the Congo River, which provides access to the vast domestic market;

6.   Feasibility study: available (estimated cost: +/- USD 170 million).

 

b. Status of the SEZ/MALUKU implementation process

• The Decree granting exemptions to developers and companies that have to develop in the SEZs had just been signed on 5 April 2020;
• The Contract already concluded between the Congolese Government and the developer recruited for the SEZ/MALUKU;
• Soon the launching of the construction works of the infrastructures of the SEZ/MALUKU.

 

d. Procedure for access of private investors to the Special Economic Zone

• For any contact, please contact the Agency for Special Economic Zones (AZES):
• Local 1M7, Immeuble Anciennes Galeries Présidentielles/ Kinshasa-Gombe Email: azesrdc@gmail.com

Tel: +24315129410 (Office)

 

e. Reasons for investing in the MALUKU SEZ.

1. An incentive business climate (presence of a Single Window, presence of banks, simplified tax procedures, territory under customs control);
2. Drinking water and electricity supply guaranteed;
3. Secured concessions are made available to investors;
4. Proximity to downtown Kinshasa, a market of about 15 million inhabitants;  
5. Good national and international transport connections;
6. Potential for the development of an agro-industrial platform for Central Africa;
7. Production evacuation routes to assured consumption centers (road, river); 

2. Other Areas selected and included in the above map are in search of developers.

• Opportunities to be exploited by investors.

 

II. Industry

 

1. Legal framework

 

• Law n°004/2002 of February 21, 2002 on the Code of Investments in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This Law
• Law No. 14/022 of 07 July 2014 establishing the regime of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

 

This Act has the following objectives:

 

a.       Improve the legal and institutional framework capable of attracting and safeguarding domestic and foreign private investment, with a view to promoting the country's development;

b.       Simplify administrative procedures in order to further improve the business climate and attract investment;

c.       Strengthen mechanisms for the resolution of investment disputes;

d.       Provide an incentive, transparent and coherent business environment to encourage private national and foreign investment that generates growth and employment and increase competition in the Democratic Republic of the Congo;

e.       Establish the rules for the organization and operation of the special economic zones, their missions and their boundaries;

f.        Determine the supervisory powers of the Agency for Special Economic Zones, including its exclusive and private powers;

g.       Specify the regime applicable to enterprises that may operate in the special economic zones, except for the tax and customs provisions that will be set out in the Finance Act.

 

• Law No. 14/023 of July 7, 2014 laying down rules on the conditions and modalities for rescuing industrial enterprises in difficulty.

 

The provisions of this Law shall apply to any industrial undertaking in difficulty as a result of exogenous factors and subject to either preventive settlement or receivership proceedings.

 

An industrial enterprise in difficulty shall be eligible for the benefits provided for in Article 9 of this Law, provided that it is the subject of a collective procedure for preventive settlement or legal redress aimed at:

 

• Guaranteeing direct and indirect employment;
• Enhancing the value of local raw materials;
• Guaranteeing the fiscal contribution to the revenues of the central government, the provinces and the decentralized territorial entities;
• Ensuring the maintenance of socio-economic impacts on the local and national environment.

 

Any industrial company in difficulty wishing to benefit from the advantages provided for in Article 9 of this Law is required, to this end, to file, at the opening or after the opening of the collective procedure, at the latest before the preventive or recovery composition agreement, a request for grant to the National Agency for Investment Promotion.

 

• The purpose of this Act is to set up an appropriate support mechanism for industrial enterprises in difficulty. This scheme may not be combined with any other preferential tax or customs scheme.

 

Directing the processing of files to the National Agency for Investment Promotion reaffirms the uniqueness of the investment window.

 

• Thus, this device will encourage the modernization and the resumption of the activities of the industrial companies through their restructuring and their upgrading in order to make them more competitive in a context of the opening of the internal market.

 

2. Vision

 

Industry is one of the sectors targeted in the PNSD to make the DRC a middle-income country by 2030 and a high-income country by 2050.

 

It is in this perspective that the country adopted in January 2020 the Document of Industrial Policy and Strategies (DPSI), which is the declination of the PNSD and the PRSP 2. The vision of this policy is to provide the DRC with a dynamic, competitive, environmentally responsible and sustainable development industrial fabric based on the expansion of the value creation chain for more decent jobs in order to contribute to the emergence of a diversified and competitive economy.

 

To this end, the Government intends to jointly support export industries (EI) and those that can guarantee import substitution (IS) by locally generated products.

 

3. Potentials

 

The DR Congo has several potentials to develop its industrial sector, namely:

 

1.       Abundant and cheap labor;

2.       Diversity of raw materials (wood, oil, minerals, quartz, etc.), favorable to the development of the national industrial fabric;

3.       Global internal market of more than 90 million potential consumers, expandable at sub-regional level;

4.       Existence of 80 million hectares of arable land conducive to the development of agro-industry;

5.       Existence of a large market share in the various industrial sectors, etc.;

 

4. Achievements

 

• Ongoing launch process of the pilot Maluku Special Economic Zone;
• Launch of the Growth Pool project in the city of Kimpese, more than 130 km east of Matadi (Bas-Congo). This is a World Bank project to finance the agricultural sector and road infrastructure in the DRC. Its cost is estimated at more than US$110 million for the entire country, including US$48 million for farmers in Bas-Congo province. It is about helping farmers to increase their agricultural production, etc.

 

III. Energy

Energy Fact Sheet

1. Legal framework

The energy sector in the DRC is regulated by Law No. 14/011 of 17 June 2014, which aims in particular at:

 

• The effective liberalization of the sector;
• The promotion and harmonious development of the supply in urban, periurban and rural areas;
• The coverage of electricity needs of all categories by quality supplies;
• The guarantee of fair competition between operators and users' rights.

This law applies to the activities of production, transmission, distribution, import, export and marketing of electrical energy carried out by any operator.

2. Government Vision

Energy is the engine of development in that it enables economic, agricultural and industrial takeoff. It is declared as the first economic sector of the Mandate of His Excellency the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Head of State.

To achieve this, the Government's vision is to ensure greater accessibility of all social strata and national grassroots communities to reliable electric power by increasing the available power by 600 MW, by rehabilitating, modernizing, extending and building new infrastructure and increasing the rate of electric service.

Over the period 2018-2022, the government intends to continue in this momentum to improve access to electricity for production units and urban and rural populations in order to: (i) guarantee, by 2025, reliable access to electricity for all social groups, with emphasis on rural electrification; (ii) restructure the SNEL with a view to "transforming the electricity sector into a pillar of revitalization and growth of the Congolese economy"; (iii) develop sub-regional interconnection to facilitate the export of electricity; (iv) and promote all sources of renewable energy other than hydroelectricity, including the rational and sustainable use of wood to replace diesel in thermal power stations in isolated grids.

3. Potentialities

The Congo River, with its basin straddling the Equator, offers the DRC an exploitable energy potential estimated at 100,000 MW, spread over 780 sites located in 145 territories and 76,000 villages. This potential represents about 37% of the total African potential and nearly 6% of the world potential.

The DRC also has significant potential in renewable energy resources such as biomass, wind, solar, biogas, biofuel, etc.

With regard to the Grand INGA project in particular, it should be noted that its potential power is of the order of 39,000 MW.

 

 

The energy situation of the Provinces is as follows:

Provinces	Energy situation
Kinshasa	Solar potential: average sunshine varies between 3.22 and 4.89 kWh/m2/d; Wind potential: the average annual wind speed measured at a height of 10 m is 1.3 m/s; Electrification rate: 44.1%.
Former Katanga Province	Solar potential: 6.5 kWh/m²/d Wind potential: average wind speed of more than 5m/sec; Installed capacity is 567 MW, while current demand is estimated at nearly 900 MW (including 600 MW for the mining sector alone).
Kongo-Central	The hydroelectric potential is estimated at 64,000 MW (560,640 GWh) per year; The Inga site alone represents 69% of the potential (i.e. 44,000 MW).
Former Orientale Province	The overall potential of the currently identified sites is estimated at 7200MW; The electrification rate: 3.6%
Kasaï Oriental	The electrification rate in the province is very low (0.5%); The energy needs (2012) are estimated at 264,774 MW against a current (2012) insignificant installed capacity (1.94 MW), thus highlighting a very important gap which is a drain on all sectors; Solar potential: 4.4 and 5.14 kWh/m2/d.
Kasaï Occidental	The hydroelectric potential, amounts to 103 MW; The rate of electrification is very low: 1% with a non-existent driving force; The total installed capacity amounts to 31.7 MW, of which 20.7 MW at standstill, representing 65.2% of the installed capacity; The solar potential varies between 5.16 kWh/m2/d and 5.26 kWh/m2/d.
Nord-Kivu	The current electrification rate is estimated at 3.1%; Installable power is up to 240.3 MW; Biomass potential: annual energy production can reach 76,583.74 MWh; Solar potential: average sunshine varies between 4 and 5.5 kWh/m2/d; Natural gas: the potential could reach 57.00 billion Nm3.
Sud-Kivu	Hydroelectric potential: The installed capacity can reach 1050.00 MW; Biomass potential: The annual producible energy can reach 109,878.88 MWh/year; Solar potential: Average sunshine reaches 5 kWh/m2/d; Wind potential: the average annual speed is less than 5 m/s; Natural gas: the potential could reach 57.00 billion Nm3; Annual electrification rate: 7.9%.
Maniema	The electrification rate is very low 3.0%; The solar potential: situated in a band between 3.5 and 6.75 kWh/m2/d); Available production is: 2.1MW.
Kwilu, Kwango and Maï Ndombe	Hydroelectric potential estimated at 104 MW; Solar potential: a sunshine varying between 4.5 and 7 kWh/m2/day; The electrification rate is 0.6%, second last at the national level; The province has a huge gap of around 408.35 MW between supply and demand: the installed capacity of the existing infrastructure amounts to 22.66 MW, compared to a capacity of 431.01 MW to cover current energy needs.
Nord Ubangui, Sud-Ubangui and Equateur	The electrification rate: Very low ≈1.4% while the province has several identified sites in its northern part; High potential in biomass (about 40,000,000 hectares of forest out of the 86 million that DRC abounds in; The energy needs (2012) of the province are estimated at 426,085 MW (all the territories of the Equator), against an availability of about 26,770 MW (2010); Good level of sunshine with values between 5 and 5.5 kWh /m²/d.

Source: Atlas of the Ministry of Hydraulic Resources, Kinshasa 2014.

Out of a total installed capacity in the DRC estimated at 2,516 MW, SNEL has a generating capacity of about 2,416 MW, i.e. 96% of the national installed capacity, mainly made up of hydroelectric power stations. However, actual production is only 6,000 to 7,000 GWh. Self-producers share the remaining 100 MW of the installed capacity, i.e. 4%.

Despite the country's enormous potential, much of the territory remains without electricity due to the obsolescence of installations dating from the colonial period and the lack of new investors in the sector. The country's electrification rate remains low at 9.6% and the government's vision is to increase the rate of service to 32% by 2030.

 

4. Achievements

i). Projects Completed:	ii). Projects in progress
SNEL  VIRUNGA SARL (Nord-Kivu) EDC (Electricité du Congo) Power line (Transport du courant) Energie du Kivu SOCODE SARL	KIPAY (Busanga Dam in Kolwezi) KATENDE KAKOBOLA Congolaise de Construction Electromécanique (CCE) / Construction Electric Cabins Blue Energy Energie du Kasaï " ENERKA“: Hydroelectricity Energie du Central Kasai" ENERKAC" Société de Techniques Spéciales, "STS". Energie du Nord Kivu "ENK Sarl"

 

But the country does not have sufficient financial resources to meet construction needs.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

IV. Insurance

Insurance Fact Sheet

1. Legal framework

 

Law n°15/005 of 17 March 2015 on the Insurance Code has enshrined the liberalization of the insurance market, by putting an end to the monopoly granted to the National Insurance Company (SONAS) since 23 November 1966.

 Insurance is one of the essential activities for the economic and social development of modern countries.

 

2. Potentials 

§  With a surface area of 2,345,408 km2 and 91.994 million inhabitants, the DRC is a large market that has remained almost untouched:

 

-         Low penetration rate: 0.71% of GDP reflects the existence of a large market share in favor of potential investors;

-        Current market estimated at US$900 million (but only +/-7% captured) - Potential market of US$3 to 5 billion in the medium term;

-        The establishment of a regulatory authority called: Insurance Regulatory and Supervisory Authority (Autorité de Régulation et de Contrôle des Assurances, A.R.C.A).

 

            3. Achievements

                  The installation of new economic units in this sector:

a)     Accredited insurance companies:

-       Activa Assurance RDC (Multinational insurance company present in Cameroon, Ghana, Liberia, DR Congo, Guinea, Sierra Leone and France);

-       Société financière d’assurance Congo (SFA CONGO);

-       Rawsur SA (Groupe Rawji);

-       Rawsur Life SA (Groupe Rawji);

-       Sunu Assurances IARD RDC SA;

-       Mayfair Insurance Congo SA;

-       Global Pionner Assurance SA;

-       Etc.

b)     Licensed insurance brokerage firms:

-       Allied Insurance Brokers SARL (AIB) (Multinational insurance brokerage company present in Angola, DRC, Mozambique and Tanzania);

-       Gras Savoye RDC (Subsidiary of Gras Savoye Sénégal, Busybi SA, Plus).

-       Juasur SA;

-       Elite Congo SARL;

-       Société Dambana Assurances SARL (SODASUR)

                      

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

V. Infrastructure

1.   Legal framework

This Sector is fully liberalized and open to the private sector by Law n°18/016 of 09 July 2018 relating to the Public Private Partnership (PPP).

1. Sectoral assets

Infrastructure is one of the priorities of the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.  Considerable efforts are being made to rehabilitate and modernize the country's basic infrastructure in order to consolidate the country's economic integration.

The DRC has several assets in the infrastructure sector, including the following:

·       National road network: 152,400 km of which + 2% are paved;

·       Roads of general interest: 58,125 km of which +19.5% in good condition.

·       Railways: 5.033 Km of which +95% is to be modernized or rehabilitated;

·       Sea, river and lake waterways: 16,238 km to be marked, dredged and exploited for the most part;

·       Runways: 500, of which 101 are open to public traffic and 4 to international traffic (Kinshasa, Lubumbashi, Kisangani and Goma), most of which require rehabilitation and modernization;

·       Etc.

 

Ultra-priority road network map

 

VI. Mines

1. Legal framework

The mining sector in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is regulated by Law n°18/001 of 9 March 2018 modifying and completing Law n° 007/2002 of 11 July 2002 on the Mining Code.

The merit of the new Code is that it reaffirms the principle that the mining concession rights are distinct from those of land concessions, so that a land concessionaire cannot use his title to claim any right of ownership over the mineral substances contained in the subsoil. Furthermore, the new Code classifies mineral deposits as mines and quarries.

It stipulates that the President of the Republic may downgrade or reclassify a mineral deposit as a product of a quarry and vice versa.

The objectives of the Mining Code are as follows:

• Create a win-win framework for all;
• Develop and encourage infrastructure for all;
• Develop the human capital of the DRC;
• Develop local processing capacity;
• Develop R&D as a destination for foreign capital and technology;
• Encourage the immediate development of the country and not speculation.

2. Mineral Resource Potential by Province

• The Democratic Republic of the Congo is known for its mining potential representing 1,100 different mineral substances.          
• Every province in the country can claim to hold mineral wealth. The table below illustrates this reality and at the same time presents the various minerals that abound in the subsoil of all the provinces of the DRC.

Provinces	Minerals
Bandundu	Diamond, oil, kaolin, clay,
Kongo-Central	Bauxite, pyroschite, limestone, phosphate, vanadium, diamond, gold, copper, lead, zinc, manganese, marble, black and pink granite, rock salt, iron, gypsum clay, talc, silica, kaolin, barite, oil shale,
Former Equateur Province	Iron, Copper and associated metals, gold, diamond, limestone, kaolin, clay, granite, niobium, ochre,
Former Province Orientale	Gold, diamond, iron, clay, copper, kaolin, niobium, ochre, schist, asphalt, talc
Former Kasaï Oriental Province	Diamond, iron, silver, nickel, tin, clay, chrome, cobalt, copper, gold, kaolin, talc,
Former Kasaï Occidental Province	Diamond, gold, manganese, chrome, nickel, clay, cobalt, platinum, copper, iron, kaolin, lead,
Former Katanga Province	Copper and associated metals, cobalt, manganese, limestone, uranium, coal, niobium, gold, platinum, lithium, tale, tantalum, kaolin, niobium, wolfram, zinc, clay, bismuth, cadmium, germanium, cassiterite, iron, granite, gypsum, kaolin, monazite, salt, beryl (emerald), sapphire,
Nord-Kivu	Gold, nobium, tantalum, cassiterite, beryl, tungsten, manganite clay, bastnesite, coal, granite, monazite, niobium, platinum, wolfram, tantalum,
Sud-Kivu	Gold, nobium, tantalum, cassiterite, sapphire, amblyogonite, silver, clay, bastnesite, beryl, bismuth, diamond, diatomite, monazite, wolfram, zinc, tantalum,
Maniema	Tin, diamond, cassiterite, gold, amblyogonite, lithium, clay, copper, iron, kaolin, manganese, columbium, lead, talc, tantalum, wolfram,
Kinshasa	Clay, silica, kaolin, arkosic sandstone,

 Geological reserves for some substances in DR Congo

N°	Mineral substances	Quantity (in tons)
1	Copper	75,000,000
2	Lithium	3,100,000
3	Niobium	30,000,000
4	Manganese	7,000,000
5	Zinc	7,000,000
6	Cobalt	4,500,000
7	Iron (more than 60%)	1,000,000
8	Cassiterite	450,000
9	Gold	600
10	Diamond	(Carats) 206,000,000

                            Source: www.cami.cd

3. The characteristics of Congolese minerals are as follows:

• The BANALIA deposits have a high iron content of over 65% (low Si02 content).
• The ores of (magnetites, hematites, mastites, goethites) in Katanga have a content varying between 54 and 66% iron and 3 and 21% silica without many impurities.
• Chromium and Nickel have an average grade of 1.45% and 3.8% Cr. The Lead Vanadates deposit has an average ore grade of 25-30% lead, and 5-6% vanadium, etc.
• Bauxite occurs at Sumbi and Sanzala with a grade of 48% Al.
• Fundu Nzobe's phosphate resources in the Lower River District are estimated at 70 million gross tons with an average P2O5 content of 27%. At Kanzi, the same resources are estimated at 25 million tons at an average grade of 17% P2O5. At Vangu, they are estimated at 20 million tons at 22% P2O5.

4. Achievements

The reform of this sector by opening it up to private partners has made it possible to attract several subsidiaries of the world's major multinationals to the DRC. The success story indicates the presence in the country of companies such as: TENKE FUNGURUME MINING (FREE PORT McROAN, KOLWEZI COPPER COMPANY (KINROSS-EGMF), KIBALI GOLD, MUTANDA MINING, ASHANTI GOLDFIELD KILO, TWANGIZA MINING, etc.), KIBALI GOLD, MUTANDA MINING, ASHANTI GOLDFIELD KILO and TWANGIZA MINING.

This massive presence has favored the meteoric increase over the years of the country's mining production, which explains the spectacular improvement of the country's macro-economic indicators. Below, the evolution of the production of some main products of the sector

 

 

VII. Agriculture

Agriculture fact sheet

 

1.  Legal framework

 

The Investment Code (Cf. Law n° 004/2002 of 21/02/2002)

 

The new Investment Code has the following objectives:

  

a)     Promote the establishment of civil engineering companies responsible for the construction and maintenance of roads and highways as well as those involved in the public transportation of people and goods, whether by land, river or air; 

 

(b)   Promote investments that will develop agriculture and agro-industry through mechanization with a view to ensuring food self-sufficiency in order to reduce imports of basic products and increase incomes in rural communities, improve the supply of raw materials to the food-processing industry and expand the internal market for consumer goods; 

 

(c)    Foster heavy investment to establish a solid industrial base for sustainable economic growth;

 

(d)   Foster investment in the development of domestic natural resources at home in order to increase their value added and exportable volume. 

 

Decree n°13/049 of 06/10/2014 on the tax regime applicable to companies eligible for the Strategic Partnership on the value chain

 

The purpose of the above-mentioned Decree is to establish a development tax as an integral part of the legal framework for economic promotion and the revival of national industrial units capable of improving the living conditions of national communities.

 

 It is an instrument of economic promotion that will help the Government and the private sector to direct, structure and implement investment partnership programs in sectors and industries that have significant integration potential, the implementation of which will enable a large section of the population to participate in economic and social activity in specific geographical areas. 

 

Agricultural Code (Law n°11/022 of 24 December 2011 on fundamental principles relating to agriculture)

 

The purpose of the Agricultural Code is to:

 

1. Promote the sustainable development of the potential and the agricultural area, integrating social and environmental aspects;
2. Stimulate agricultural production through the introduction of a special customs and tax regime with a view to achieving, inter alia, food self-sufficiency;
3. Boost exports of agricultural products in order to generate substantial resources for investment;
4. Promote the local agricultural processing industry;
5. Attract new renewable energy technologies;
6. Involve the province, the decentralized territorial entity and the farmer in the promotion and implementation of agricultural development. 

 

2.   Potential and advantages

 

The Democratic Republic of the Congo offers several investment opportunities in the agricultural sector from production to marketing, in order to create a competitive value chain in the sub-region.

 

With its exceptional agronomic potential and an area of agricultural land unequalled in Africa, the DRC is able to feed 2 billion people.

 

Indeed, the DR Congo has more than 80 million arable lands, of which less than 10% are currently exploited. The diversity of climates, supported by an important hydrographic network allows for a wide range of agricultural speculation.

 

The grasslands and savannahs are likely to support a livestock population of around 40 million head of cattle. Tropical forests, which occupy 135 million hectares, or 52% of the territory, constitute an important reserve of biodiversity and developable land.

 

While the potential for irrigation is estimated at 4 million hectares, it is currently still modest. 

 

The fishing potential, located in the Congolese parts of the Atlantic Ocean, the Congo River and all the lakes, is estimated at 707,000 tons of fish per year. 

 

2.1 Climates and Rainfall

 

         a.   Climate

 

        Average annual temperature:

 

Minima

-    Central bowl to the coast: 16°C

-    North: 20°C

-    East: 10°C

-    Southern part: 16°C

 

Maxima

-   Central bowl to the coast: 30°C

-   North: 30.7°C

-   East: 23°C

-   Southern part: 29.8°C

 

b.     Rainfall

 

-    Central bowl to the coast: 1,500 mm (approx. 9 months)

-    North: 1,800 mm (approx. 11 months)

-    East: 1,000 mm (approx. 6 months)

-    Southern part: 1.500 mm (6 months)

 

2.2      Vegetation by Province

 

Provinces	Type of vegetation	Provinces	Type of vegetation
Kinshasa	Wooded savannah Prairie Secondary forests	Nord Ubangi	Dense humid forest Secondary forest Prairie Wooded savannah
Kongo Central	Mangroves Steppes Forest Forest galleries	Sud Ubangi	Edaphic Forest Dense humid forest Secondary forest Wooded savannah Prairie
Mai Ndombe	Dense humid forest Wooded savannah Forest galleries Prairie	Mongala	Dense humid forest Secondary forest Edaphic Forest Savanna
Kwilu	Dense humid forest Dense forest Wooded savannah Prairie Forest gallery	Equateur	Rainforest Secondary savannah at Imperata Deciduous forest
Kwango	Dense forest Wooded savannah Prairie	Tshuapa	Dense humid forest Secondary forest Edaphic Forest
Kasaï	Dense forest Wooded savannah Grassy savannah	Sankuru	Dense humid forest Secondary forest Wooded savannah Prairie
Kasaï Central	Dense humid forest Savannah interspersed with forest shreds Prairie	Lomami	Grassy savannah Savanna Dense humid forest Clear forest (Miombo)
Kasaï Occidental	Dense humid forest Wooded savannah Prairie	Tanganyika	Dense forest Clear forest (Miombo) Bamboo forests Savanna Prairie
Maniema	Dense humid forest Wooded savannah Forest galleries along watercourses.	Haut Lomami	Dense forest Clear forest (Miombo) Savanna Swampy meadow
Bas Uele	Dense humid forest Secondary forest Forest galleries Wooded savannah Prairie	Haut Katanga	Clear forest (Miombo) Wooded savannah Grassy savannah Swampy meadow

 

 

 

Provinces	Type of vegetation	Provinces	Type of vegetation
Haut Uele	Dense humid forest Secondary forest Forest galleries Wooded savannah Prairie	Lualaba	Dense forest Clear forest (Miombo) Wooded savannah Prairie
Tshopo	Dense humid forest Secondary forest Edaphic Forest	Nord Kivu	Savannahs Sclerophyllous clear forest with arborescent stratum Mountain rainforests Dense forest Equatorial forest in Gilbertiod- nedron
Ituri	Dense humid forest Forest galleries Secondary forest Wooded savannah Prairie	Sud Kivu	Low-lying dense forest Dense mountain forest Savannah Steppes High altitude bamboo forest

 Source:

• Study of the Agricultural Sector - Diagnostic review report and guidance note, 2009.
• Information taken from the 1998 provincial monograph of the Ministry of Agriculture and adapted to the new territorial division. 

 

A view of the Congolese vegetation

 

 2.3    Soils by Province

 

Provinces	Type of soils	Provinces	Type of soils
Kinshasa	Ferrasols Sandy clay Sandy	Nord Ubangi	Clayey to sandy silt Clayey sand
Kongo Central	Sandy soils Sandy clay soils Sandy-clay soils with clay stains	Sud Ubangi	- Clayey to sandy silt - Clayey sand
Mai Ndombe	Ferrasols Sandy clay Sandy	Mongala	Clayey to sandy silt Clayey sand
Kwilu	Ferrasols Sandy clay Sandy	Equateur	Clayey to sandy silt Clayey sand
Kwango	Ferrasols Sandy clay Sandy	Tshuapa	Clayey to sandy silt Clayey sand
Kasai	Arenoferrasols on sand Ferralitic soils Ferrisols	Sankuru	Arenoferrasols on sand Ferralitic soils Ferrisols
Kasaï Central	Arenoferrasols on sand Ferralitic soils Ferrisols	Lomami	Arenoferrasols on sand Ferralitic soils Ferrisols
Kasaï Occidental	Arenoferrasols on sand Ferralitic soils Ferrisols	Tanganyika	Ferrisols Areno - ferrals Hydro - kaolisols Ferrisols Recent tropical soils Tropical black earths on alluvium.
Maniema	Ferrisols	Haut Lomami	Ferrisols Areno - ferrals Hydro - kaolisols Ferrisols Recent tropical soils Tropical black earths on alluvium.
Bas Uele	Ferrisols (yellow, red and ochre latosols)	Haut Katanga	Ferrisols Areno - ferrals Hydro - kaolisols Ferrisols Recent tropical soils Tropical black earths on alluvium.

 

 

 

 

Provinces	Type de sols	Provinces	Type de sols
Haut Uele	Ferrisols (yellow, red and ochre latosols)	Lualaba	Ferrisols Areno - ferrals Hydro - kaolisols Ferrisols Recent tropical soils Tropical black earths on alluvium
Tshopo	Ferrisols (yellow, red and ochre latosols)	Nord Kivu	Recent volcanic soils Alluvial Plain Soils Soils of ancient rocks
Ituri	Ferrisols (yellow, red and ochre latosols)	Sud Kivu	Recent Volcanic Soils/Raw Mineral Soils Ancient volcanic soils Alluvial Plain or Black Tropical Soils Soils derived from ancient rocks

 

 Source: Information taken from the 1998 provincial monograph of the Ministry of Agriculture and adapted to the new territorial division.

 

Table n°1: Area of main soil types

 

Class	Area Ha	%
Kaolisols	215 819 332	92.03
Tropical brown soils	552 925	0.24
Raw Mineral Soils	393 764	0.17
Recent tropical soils	12 690 719	5.41
Tropical Black Earths	924 747	0.39
Water	4 115 600	1.76
Total	234 497 087	100

 Source: Source: Ministry of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Department, Kinshasa, May 2012

  

Graph n°1: Area of main soil types

 

Source: Drawn up from Table 1.

 

2.4.   Agro-ecological zones

Provinces	Agro-ecological zones
Kinshasa	-          Sub-equatorial humid dense forest -          Steppe Savannah of the Batéké Plateaus
Kongo-Central	-         Sub-equatorial humid dense forest -          Secondary forest with savannah islands -          Forest in gallery -          Dense humid forest mixed with light forest
Kwango, Kwilu et Mai-Ndombe	-          Sub-equatorial humid dense forest  -        Dense humid forest with savannah islands  -        Edaphic Forest  -        Steppe savannas of the Kwango plateaus  -        Rainforest with savannah islands
Equateur, Nord et Sud Ubangui et Mongala	-         Edaphic Forest -         Secondary forest with savannah islands -         Evergreen dense humid forest -         Dense forest mixed with decaying forest
Maniema	-         Evergreen dense humid forest -         Dense humid forest with savannah islands -         Dense mountain rainforest
Tshopo, Haut-Uele, Bas-Uele and Ituri	-         Sub-equatorial humid dense forest -         Grassy savannahs -         Dense humid forest in degradation -         Secondary dense forest with savannah islands
Nord-Kivu	-         Evergreen dense humid forest -         Dense mountain rainforest -         Substitute grass formation
Sud-Kivu	-         Dense mountain rainforest -         Evergreen dense humid forest
Haut Katanga, Lualaba, Haut Lomami and Tanganyika	-         Rainforest tropophile -         Steppe savannas of the Katangese highlands -         Swampy formation -         Wooded savannahs -         Degraded open forest surrounded by shrubby   savannahs
Kasaï-Central	-          Secondary dense forest with savannah islands -          Sub-equatorial humid dense forest -          Forest in gallery
Kasaï-Oriental	-          Forest in gallery -          Secondary dense forest with savannah islands -          Sub-equatorial humid dense forest

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Source: Ministry of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Department (SNSA); Kinshasa, 2017.

 

2.5 Priority sectors

 

Within the framework of the revival of agro-industry in the DRC, several sectors have been selected on the basis of several factors such as the state of existing resources, old or new traditions, the degree of organization of producers, the presence or absence of development projects, the state of infrastructure, the availability of land, regulations and the business climate.

a)    Industrialized commodity chains: coffee, cocoa, tea, cinchona, rubber, sugar, palm oil (vegetable commodity chains); cattle, pigs, poultry (animal commodity chains);

b)    Sectors with high potential for industrial development: maize, manioc, rice, and soya;

c)     Sectors of socio-economic importance for the grassroots communities: fishing, fish farming.

 

 

3. Achievements

• The agricultural sector in the DRC contributed 18% to GDP in 2015.
• The evolution of agricultural products through speculation is as follows:

 

 

  Table n°3: Production of agricultural products by speculation (in tons)

PRODUCTS	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015
1. Cereals
Corn	1 782 273	1 892 657	1 938 044	1 986 099	2035345	2039009
Paddy rice	754 872	709 417	645 184	811 218	1 019 979	1021815
Millet/Sorghum	44 694	45 136	45 583	46 034	46 080	46163
2. Roots and Tubers
Manioc	31 263 811	32 138 534	33 033 366	33 938 252	34 867 925	34930687
Sweet potato	428 392	440 407	452 669	465 067	477 804	478664
Yam	90 875	92 919	95 196	97 709	100 406	100587
Taro	66 011	66 213	66 437	67 600	67 795	67917
Potato	95 213	96 023	97 848	98 704	99 572	99751
3. Leguminous plant
Bean	229 873	238 124	247 196	248 075	248 957	249405
Cowpea	62 413	64 264	66 176	68 094	70 042	70168
Pea	1 322	1 334	1 346	1 359	1 372	1374
Cajanus pea (pigeon pea)	5 960	6 018	6 077	6 137	6 197	6208
Voandzou (Bambara Pea)	9 566	9 852	10 134	10 436	10 741	10760
4. Oilseeds
Peanut	389 654	397 372	405 277	413 342	421 568	422327
Soya	18 566	19 679	20 053	20 434	20 943	20981
5. Fruits
Soft banana	746 280	767 160	788 520	810 120	832 312	833810
Plantain banana	2 777 820	2 855 540	2 935 047	3 815 447	4 959 932	4968860
Beer banana	715 442	721 523	727 728	734 132	740 666	741999

 Source: Ministry of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Department (SNSA)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table n°4:  Investment projects to be carrier out in the framework of the Public-Private Partnership

 

AGRO-INDUSTRIAL PARKS
N°	Names	Provinces	Area in Hectare	Characteristics	Cost/USD	Production
01	NKUNDI	Bas-Congo	18.000	100 Km from the Port of Matadi 130 Km from Kinshasa Near the Congo River	1.718.365.160	Chicken, Beef, Pork and Goat Meat
02	TURUNGU	Sud-Kivu	39.000	Near the Luama River 115 Km from Goma 153 Km from Kasongo	1.922.712.707	Fish, Vegetables, Corn and Peanuts
03	LOWA	Nord-Kivu	187.000	Crossing by the Lowa River.	2.583.497.471
04	GBADOLITE	Equateur	77.000	Located along the Oubangi River	1.599.990.750
05	KINDU	Maniema	150.000	Not far from the Congo River  (Lualaba)	3.906.655,918	Corn, Soya, Peanut, Beef, Goat, Pork, Chicken, Fish, Vegetables
06	KANIAMA KASESE	Katanga	106.500	The site stretches on both sides of the Sankuru River.	1.077.464.000	Corn, Soya, Rice, Peanut, Beef and goat meat, Chicken, vegetables
07	LUIZA	Kasaï-Occidental	84.000	Along the Lulua River 50 Km from Luiza City 250 Km from Kananga	919.388.000	Corn, Soybeans, Peanuts, Wheat, Beef, Goat and Pork, Fish, Chicken, Vegetables
08	NGANDAJIKA	Kasaï-Oriental	78.000	The site stretches on both sides of the Sankuru River.	951.801.000	Peanuts, Wheat, Beef, Goat and Pork, Vegetables
09	LOTOKILA	Province Orientale	95.000	Located on the southern bank of the Congo River, opposite the Yangambi Research Institute.	2.293.891.293	Corn, Peanuts, Wheat, Beef, Goat and Pork, Chicken, Fish, Vegetables

 

AGRO-INDUSTRIAL PARKS (continued)
N°	Names	Provinces	Area in Hectare	Cost/USD	Production
10	MUSHIE PENTANE	Bandundu	41.000	300.000.000	Sugar Cane, Tomato, Corn, Beef, Goat and Fish
11	BUSINGA	Equateur	65.000	300.000.000	Corn, Soy, Peanut, Vegetables, Sunflower, Beef, Chicken, Goat, Fish and Pork
12	RUZIZI	Sud-Kivu	80.000	300.000.000	Rice, Vegetables, Beef, Goats and Fish

 

 4.  Future Prospects

 

The Government's program for agricultural development aims to:

-    Strengthen the contribution of agriculture to economic growth;

-    Restore the country's food security;

-    Reduce poverty and insecurity in rural areas;

-    Increase the production of food and perennial products;

-    Encouraging Import Substitution.

In order to achieve these objectives, the program responds to agricultural and rural strategies and policies that affect:

-    Raising public awareness;

-    Production;

-    Evacuation;

-    Storage;

-    Processing;

-    Marketing of agricultural products.

 

To this end, in May 2013, the Government adopted the National Agricultural Investment Plan (PNIA 2013-2020).

 

This plan is the national framework for planning national and external funds in the agricultural and rural sector. Its overall objective is to stimulate sustained growth in the agricultural sector of more than 6%, to ensure food and nutritional security for the Congolese people, and to generate sustainable employment and income. Four modalities are planned

 

The NIPA is structured around five programs, namely: development of agricultural and agro-industrial areas; product and food security management; research, development and training; governance and strengthening of the sector's human and institutional capacities; and adaptation to climate change.

 

The cornerstone of the NIPA is the progressive development of about twenty agro-industrial parks on several tens of thousands of hectares throughout the country.

 

 

 

 

 

 

VIII. Tourism

Tourism Fact Sheet

1. Legal framework

The Government of the DRC has made the revival of tourism one of the government's priorities. This sector, which was formerly a by-product of the environment, has been set up as a Ministry, which will soon be equipped with a framework law that is currently being drawn up.

2. Potentials

The DRC offers a varied range of tourist attractions through different provinces that present multifaceted characteristics that can be exploited for the development of several types of tourism (seaside, cultural, leisure, discovery, business, safaris...).

These are:

·       25 million hectares, i.e. 12% of the national territory made up of protected areas;

·       7 National Parks and 57 Reserves and Hunting Areas, 5 of which are on the UNESCO World Heritage List (VIRUNGA*, KAHUZI BIEGA*, GARAMBA* SALONGA* and the OKAPIS Wildlife Reserve);

·       4 endemic species: Mountain Gorilla, Okapi, Bonobo (dwarf chimpanzee), Congolese Peacock;

·       A variety of ecosystems covering nearly 145 million hectares, the second largest tropical forest massif in the world after the Amazon and one of the planet's biodiversity reserves;

·       Natural sites (the Congo River, the Atlantic coast (37 km), the impressive waterfalls, the lakes and their contours, the mountainous areas of the East); built (heritage monuments, religious buildings; and cultural (a rich mix of cultures and traditions around 450 ethnic groups), art markets, historical sites ;

·       70,000,000 inhabitants, the Congolese population is a privileged target of tourism promoters, especially youth in search of leisure activities;

·       Reception infrastructures: 284 airport platforms including 5 international airports, 349 travel agencies divided into three categories including those affiliated to IATA and other local ones; 3,235 unclassified and classified hotels with a total installed capacity of 27,963 rooms; 4,500 km of navigable waterways;

·       Several support services for the deployment of tourism activities, including: transport, travel agencies, accommodation and catering.

·      

 

 

 

 

3. Assets

·       Due to its strategic position on the Equator in the heart of Africa, the DRC is located at the crossroads of the final or initial destinations of tourist circuits in Southern, Central and Eastern Africa.

·       Different provincial connections allow the organization of inter-provincial and intra-regional tours on different tourist routes through the 26 provinces and from the 9 border countries that make up the DRC.

·       The sharing of common tourism products with the border countries as well as the extension of destinations in regional areas are opportunities to increase existing markets and lead to new tourism markets in the Great Lakes, SADC, COMESA and ECCAS regions, of which DRC is a part.

·       The DRC is experiencing a growing migratory flow, dominated by youth (more than 60% of the population and the middle class), the Congolese diaspora and international visitors from the business and cultural world.

4. Achievements

·       Peacemaking process in its final phase;

·       Renovation of the Botanical and Zoological Gardens of Kinshasa through the Public-Private Partnership;

·       Modernization works of 4 main airports in Kinshasa, Lubumbashi, Goma and Kisangani;

·       Accompaniment to the approval of about a hundred tourist investment projects including 85 hotel projects;

·       Strengthening the reception capacity with the rehabilitation and modernization of some Congolese heritage hotels through the Public-Private Partnership, including the 3 to 5-star hotels (Grand Hotel Kinshasa and Fleuve Congo Hotel in Kinshasa; Grand Karavia Hotel in Lubumbashi);

·       Creation of a national airline;

·       The reduction to four of the number of State services that must operate at border posts (General Directorate of Migration, Hygiene Service, Congolese Control Office and General Directorate of Customs and Excise);

·       Opening the country to major events and other international meetings (forums, congresses, sports, conferences, etc.);

·       Rehabilitation and construction of historical sites and creation of public spaces for leisure activities.

 

5. Perspectives

During the year 2013, the DRC revised its master plan projected over 15 years with the objectives of eventually reaching 1,146,962 international tourists and revenues of US$ 17,300,000.00 estimated at 10% of the value of the Congolese GDP in 2012.

In order to generate these flows, the following areas of intervention are concerned:

·       Promotion and preservation of flagship animal species: rehabilitation of national parks, creation of ecological niches, rehabilitation of access roads;

·       Promotion of green tourism: conservation of the environment;

·       Enhancement of reserves and natural sites: Creation of leisure sites, amusement parks;

·       Offer in tourist transport (air, road, river and lake);

·       Creation of accommodation sites: creation of hotels and tourist reception and animation infrastructures in the perspective of decentralization, the new provinces will need to create high standard hotels;

·       Creation of services of tourist agencies and offices;

·       Support for training and promotion of Tourism (Guide, website editing, online tourism agency, design and production of promotional materials).

Targeted investment projects fall within the scope of public-private partnership and require feasibility studies.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Transport

1. Legal framework

 

a. Road transport

Law 78-022 of 30 August 1978 on the new Highway Code, which came into force on 25 July 1979, regulates the circulation on the public highway of pedestrians, vehicles, as well as draught, load or saddle animals and livestock.

b. Rail Transport

In the DRC, the railway sector is under a state monopoly regime. The Sovereign King's decree of 10 October 1908 on the railway police, coordinating the previous measures on the railway police as modified respectively by Orders 82/TP of 18 September 1928 and 41/06 of 13 February 1954 on the same subject, is the main legislative text governing railway transport activities, on the one hand either by the International Union of Railways, the African Union of Railways, or by the public railway transport companies themselves.

c. Air Transport

                                                                     

Law No. 10/014 of 31 December 2010 on civil aviation to, among other things, provide the country with appropriate and effective aeronautical legislation governs the sector.

 

d. Maritime transport

 

Ordinance-Law 66-98 of 14 March 1966 on the Maritime Navigation Code constitutes the basic framework of maritime transport legislation in the DRC.

 

e. River and lake transport

 

Ordinance-Law 66-96 of 14 March 1966 on the River and Lake Navigation Code forms the backbone of the legislation in this sector.

 

2. Potentials and assets

Les Investment opportunities are justified on the basis of the countless transport infrastructures available in the country and in the various networks.

 

·     Road network: 152,400 Km of road

 

-   7,400 km of urban roads;

-   58,129 km of public roads;

-   86,871 km of local interest or agricultural feeder roads.

 

·     Railway network: 5,033 km of railway tracks, not interconnected and not having the same standards (1.067 m, 1m and 0.6 m gauge):

 

-   A line linking Matadi to Kinshasa, 365km long with a 1.067m gauge;

-   A line with a more extensive network linking Zambia, Angola and Lake Tanganyika, with   Lubumbashi as the central point. This network extends over 3. 641 kilometers (of which 858 kilometers are electrified) in Katanga, Kasaï-Occidental, Kasaï-Oriental and Maniema.

 

It is 1.067 m apart:

-   Katanga line: it goes from Kabalo - Kamina - Kolwezi- Likasi - Lubumbashi - Sakania - Zambia;

-   Kasaï line: it connects Ilebo - Kananga - Mwene-Ditu - Kamina;

-   Benguela Railway: Kamina - Dilolo - Angola (Benguela Railway);

-   Kindu- Kongolo- Kabalo- Nyunzu- Kalemia Railway;

-   Kindu- Kongolo- Kabalo- Kabongo- Kamina Railway;

-   A line linking Kisangani to Ubundu with 1m gauge;

-   A narrow-gauge line in the Uélé region (0.6m gauge);

-   Bumba- Aketi- Bondo;

-   Bumba- Aketi- Buta- Isiro- Wemba.

 

·     Maritime, river and lake network: 16,238 km:

 

-   The Banana-Matadi maritime reach (150 km);

-   The middle reaches of the Congo River (Kinshasa-Kisangani): ± 1700 km, the Kasaï River and their tributaries (11,758 km); and

-   The upper reaches of the Lualaba and the lakes (2,630 km).

It also includes:

 

• 40 river and lake ports including Kinshasa, Ilebo, Kalemie, Kisangani, Mbandaka, Ubundu and Kindu;
• 3 seaports: Matadi, Boma and Banana;
• 24 waterways which are the main alternatives to roads and railways;
• The 106 km long Lake Kivu lake network linking Bukavu to Goma; the 1,425 km long Lake Tanganyika network linking the DRC to Zambia, Tanzania and Burundi;
• The river network from Kindu to Ubundu (310 kilometers) and from Kongolo to Malemba-Nkulu (390 kilometers); and
• A multitude of private ports.
• Air network: approximately 270 airport facilities, including five international airports, located in the following cities: Kinshasa, Lubumbashi, Kisangani, Goma and Gbadolité.
• The Northern Corridor: transport corridor linking the port of Mombasa to the Great Lakes Region;
• The Southern Corridor: transport corridor linking the DRC, through Kasumbalesa, to Southern Africa;
• The Central Corridor: transport corridor leading to the port of Dar Es Salaam via Zambia;
• The Western Corridor: transport corridor linking the DRC to Angola.
• Corridors opening up the DRC to the outside world

 

3. Achievements

 

• Rehabilitation of several airport facilities in the country, including: NDJILI airport in Kinshasa (terminal, control tower and runways); Goma airport (widening of runway); Luano airport in Lubumbashi (widening of runway); and Bangboka airport in Kisangani;
• The creation of the national airline called "Congo Airways";
• Creation of the TRANSCO Company to make up for the lack of buses in the City-Province of Kinshasa;
• Abolition of illegal taxes and charges in the river and lake transport sector;
• Rehabilitation of roads;
• Vehicle credit granted by the Congolese State to private road transport operators;
• Rehabilitation of the ITB Kokolo boat, cost: USD 2.5 million;
• The reopening of the Benguela railway line following the agreement between the Angolan State and the Congolese State;
• Subsidy for the equipment of 10 locomotives in favor of the SNCC.

4. Perspectives

• Develop a new public transport policy reconciling efficiency/profitability and social aspects, as well as the provision of incentives to attract private investment in the sector, especially in mass transport systems such as urban rail, tramway and urban waterway transport;
• Improving the state of urban roads to reduce the depreciation cost of vehicles and to improve traffic flow;
• Increasing the number of cars in the public transport portfolio;
• Encourage private operators to invest in the sector within the framework of public-private partnerships, particularly in mass transport systems;
• Strengthen the rolling stock and spare parts capacity of public transport operators with nearly 1,500 buses in 5 years, at a rate of 300 buses per year;
• Create a national fund for the promotion of public transport, financed by tolls on some national roads and public car parks in large cities;
• Rehabilitate and modernize the SCTP's urban train;
• Implement the SCTP's urban river transport system to lighten surface transport;
• Extend the Kin-Matadi railway line to Banana for the construction of the deep-water port, etc.;
• Extend the Kin-Matadi railway line to Banana for the construction of the deep-water port. 

 

 

 

 

 

X. Housing and real estate

The number of the population (70 million) and the large surface area (2,345,410 km²) of the DRC are major assets to ensure investment in the housing and real estate sector. However, there are overall housing deficits estimated at 3,945,555, i.e. 263,039 housing units to be built per year. The needs of the city of Kinshasa are estimated at 54.4% of the overall deficit, i.e. 143,092 housing units to be built per year.

1.  Legal framework of the sector

• Land Law No. 73-021 of 20 July 1973 on the general property regime, land and real estate regime and security regime.

 

• This law lays down precise standards that regulate the purchase, sale and leasing of land and/or concessions. It should provide a framework for decisions by sellers, lessors and buyers on the procedure to be followed for all transactions with a view to the issuance by the Congolese state of ultra-secure property titles.

 

• The Bakajika Law of 7 June 1966 (Soil and subsoil belong to the State). It specified, "The soil and subsoil belong to the State". This law was aimed at restoring order in the land sector.

 

• Ministerial Order No. Cab/MINA/TUHITPR/007/2013 of 26 June 2013 regulating the granting of building permits in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

 

• Any person wishing to undertake a real estate development, an urban innovation, a construction or a work of any nature, in durable materials and according to the rules of the art, on the whole territory of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is required to obtain a Building Permit from the competent Administration of Urbanism and Habitat beforehand.

 

• Circular Note n°005/CAB/MIN/AFF FONC/2013 of June 12, 2013 relating to the procedure and deadline for the transfer of land and real estate property rights.

 

2. Potentials

• There is a lot of land that can be exploited across the country. Existence in each province of spaces dedicated to the construction of social housing;
• Strong demand in relation to supply;
• Existence of an important market share for new construction companies and investors in the sector;
• Freedom of enterprise in this sector.

3. Accomplishments

Construction of social housing by private operators (completed):

• Cité du Fleuve;
• Cité Kin Oasis;
• Cité Belle Vie;
• City de l’Espoir;
• Cité Moderne (under construction).

 

As a result of ANAPI's involvement, we are today witnessing an unprecedented real estate boom throughout the whole Republic.

 

 

4. Government's vision in the sector

 

The housing policy is articulated around four axes:

 

-  Reorganization of the housing sector (institutional reform and capacity building);

- The improvement of housing (land development policy and supervision of the real estate sector);

- The mobilization of resources for housing;

- The reduction of urban poverty areas (emergency action). 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

XI. New Information and Communication Technologies

· 

 

1.  Legal framework

 In the DRC, the telecommunications sector is governed by the following legal texts:

•  Law n°012/2002 on the post office;
• The Framework Law n°013/2002 of 16 October 2002 on telecommunications in the DRC: this law provides for two structures to manage the ICT sector, namely: 

-      The Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications;

-     The Regulatory Authority for Posts and Telecommunications (ARPTC);

 

• Law n°014/2002 of 16 October 2002 creating the Postal and Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of the Congo, "ARPTC". 

 

 

2. Sectoral vision of the Government

 

 a.   Vision according to the Sectoral Policy Document

 

The main Strategic Axes of the Government's Policy for the development of the sector are defined in the Sector Policy Document (SPS).     

 

 In order to achieve these objectives, the sector policy defined by the Government is based on the following main strategic axes:

 

• Adapt and complete the legal and regulatory framework of the sector in order to promote the development of healthy and fair competition for the benefit of users and to optimize network interconnection and access to key capacities and infrastructures;
• Clarify the respective roles of the sector's institutions and make sector regulation more efficient, particularly in terms of access and interconnection regulation and radio frequency management;
• Adapt the regime for telecommunications networks and services in order to eliminate inequalities of treatment and anomalies linked to the failure to take account of the convergence of services;
• Strengthen the regulatory function, in order to guarantee the implementation of legal and regulatory provisions relating to competition, interconnection and access;
• Define and implement a national plan for the allocation and management of radio frequencies with a view to optimizing the use of frequency resources, eliminating harmful interference and putting an end to fraudulent use;
• Rationalize and clarify the taxation applicable to the telecommunications sector;
• Develop a universal access implementation plan to achieve the objectives of opening up access;
• Restructuring the public operators in the sector (SCPT and RENATELSAT) within the framework of public-private partnerships aimed at ensuring their sanitation and long-term viability;
• Create a national broadband network enabling network operators and service providers to develop their offer throughout the territory;
• Set up international broadband access in order to significantly reduce the cost of Internet and ICT access;
• To set up the institutional framework for ICTs;
• Gradually computerize all government services;
• Support businesses and the population in the appropriation of ICTs.

 

 b.   Vision according to the National Strategic Development Plan

 

The Government's vision in this sector is to bring the D.R. Congo into the digital economy on its own. In this perspective, a significant increase in the contribution of ICTs to the country's economic and social development is expected, benefiting the sector's actors, public services and households. This vision should be reflected in improved governance of this sector, investment in national broadband infrastructure, improved access to ICTs for the population, the transition from analogue to digital television (DTT), etc.

 

Between now and 2021, it is envisaged that the first Congolese satellite will be put into orbit, that 5,000 km of national fiber-optic backbone will be completed and that 30 million lines and mobiles (metropolitan networks) will be connected.

 

By 2030, the entire public administration and the specialized services of border posts will have to be computerized and the country will need to have a quality and sufficient human capital in the field of ICTs. By 2050, more than 50% of households will use optical fiber and more than 90% will connect to the Internet via their mobile phones. DC will need to develop the market for robotics (digital technology) and will become an important market for telephones, software, video games and 3D technology. It will also be expected to see a significant growth in e-commerce.

 

 In order to achieve these objectives, the sectoral strategy to be implemented will be based on six priorities as shown in the diagram below.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3. A few projects in progress

a. SNEL Project

 This is a project to rehabilitate the SNEL network and connect it to the Southern Africa Power Pool (SAPMP project). A 48-fiber optic guard cable is expected to be laid over the high-voltage power transmission lines linking Inga to Zambia.

SNEL's own transmission needs being limited; it will have excess capacity, which it plans to market, directly or indirectly, to local operators.

b. The WAFS regional project

 The West African Festoon System (WAFS) project is a regional broadband backhaul project with some neighboring countries to connect to very high bandwidth and the SAT3 submarine cable.

 c. The CAB5 project

The CAB (Central African Backbone) project is funded by the World Bank.

d.   The RCIP Regional Program

This is a World Bank program to finance, through partnerships with the private sector, national and regional broadband infrastructure. The DRC is eligible to be part of the program but the procedure has to be initiated, which postpones this possibility for quite some time.

 4. Market data

Key Indicators	2017	2018	Growth Rate
Mobile Phone Services
Number of GSM operators	4	4	0.00%
Number of mobile phone subscriptions (Voices)	35,375,246	37,137,404	4.98%
Turnover in US$	1,182,663,202	1,292,893,191	9,32%
ARPU Mobile (Voice) (USD)	3.05	2.90	-4.88%
Mobile MOU (Minutes Voice/ Subscription/month)	38	36	-3.74%
Penetration rate (voice)	44%	44	0
Traffic Volume (Voices) in minutes	14,576,693,985	15,737,969,499	7.97%
SMS Traffic Volume (Number)	14,090,047,198	15,783,991,751	12.02%
Investments (USD)
Direct job creation
Mobile Internet Services (Data)
Number of subscriptions	13,198,592	13,540,719	2,59%
Internet penetration rate	16%	16	0.09%
ARPU Mobile Internet (USD)	1.3	1.4	7.69%
Fixed Internet Services
Number of ISPs	15	15	0.00%
Number of subscribers	+10,000	+10,000
Fixed Internet penetration rate
Mobile Money Service
Number of Subscriptions	9,032,032	9,725,274	7.68%
Mobile Money penetration rate in %	11%	12%	0.49%
ARPU Mobile Money (USD)	0.5	0.54	0.00%
Average service tariffs applied in the sector
Voice services (USD)
On-net: USD/min.	0.099	0.0998	0.81%
Off-net: USD/min.	0.113	0.113	0.00%
SMS services (USD)
Data Services (Mobile Internet) (USD)

 

It should be noted that compared to the demographics of the DRC and the evolution of the market, telephone and Internet penetration rates are still very low. This constitutes a business opportunity that can be exploited by new investors.

 

 

Graph n°1: Evolution of the number of mobile phone subscriptions

Source: Prepared on the basis of Table 1 above.

 Graph n°2: Mobile phone penetration rate

Source: Prepared on the basis of Table 1 above

 

The penetration rate at the end of 2018 is 42%. This threshold is still very low compared to the data of the ITU (International Telecommunication Union) where on average it is 127% for developed countries, 98% for developing countries and 77% for Africa, of which the DRC is a part.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Graphn°3: Number of mobile Internet subscriptions

 

Source: Prepared on the basis of Table 1 above

 

Graph n°4: Mobile Internet penetration rate

 

Source: Prepared on the basis of Table 1 above

 

The penetration rate at the end of 2018, at 16.21%, is still very low compared to the data of the ITU (International Telecommunication Union) where, on average, it is 97% for developed countries, 48% for developing countries and 26% for Africa, of which the DRC is part.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Graph n°5: Change in the number of subscriptions to mobile money services

Source: Prepared on the basis of Table 1 above

 

Looking at this graph, it is worth noting that the mobile money market is growing in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

 

Graph n°6: Increase in the number of subscriptions to mobile money services

From the analysis of all these graphs, it is worth noting that over the years the penetration rate of low and high-speed mobile network services (voice, Internet, mobile money, etc.) has been increasing. Despite this positive trend, the market is not yet saturated and is available for new investors.

 

 

 

 

 

5.  Projects Seeking Funding

• Construction of a modern national broadband telecommunications infrastructure;
• Implementation of multi-purpose telecenters in every nook and cranny of the country;
• Computerization of the Public Administration, specialized services and border posts;
• Implementation of mechanisms for the management of Internet exchange points, i.e. network interconnection centers deployed by Internet providers;
• Hosting of google cache servers in Kinshasa in order to contribute to the improvement of access to google content by end users;
• The DRC exchange point project, which aims at providing the country with a national network interconnection infrastructure. 

 

Source: ARPTC and DEP/Ministry of NPTIC

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

XII. Forestry

1. Legal framework

Le The forest sector in the DRC is currently regulated in the Democratic Republic of the Congo by the following legal provisions:

• Law n°011/2002 of 29 August 2002 on the Forest Code.
• Decree n° 05/116 of 24 October 2005 setting the modalities for the conversion of old forest titles into forest concession contracts and extending the moratorium on the granting of logging titles.

2. Potentials

The DRC has significant forest potential, namely:

• 150,000,000 ha, i.e. 47% of the African tropical forests and 6% of the world's tropical reserves;
• Of these vast expanses of forest, nearly 12% are considered protected areas;
• More than 1,000 identified forest species, including those that are highly sought-after in the world;
• Production potential: 10,000,000 m3 of wood per year;
• Surface area of forests under concession: 11,000,000 ha;
• With these potentials, the DRC has major assets on a global scale on the issue of the fight against climate change;
• The main forest species in the DR Congo are:
   

N°	Type of wood species	Provinces	Site
1	Kambala	Equateur	Businga, Gbadolité, Bikoro, Lisala, Djolu, Bongandanga, Lukolela, Monkoto and Bumba
		Province Orientale	Bafwasende, Isangi et Opala, Ubundu, Yahuma, Banalia, Basoko,…
		Maniema	Kibombo
		Bandundu	Bolobo and Oshwe
2	Ebene	Equateur	Lisala
3	Tiama	Equateur	Businga, Bikoro, Lisala, Djolu, Bongandanga, Lukolela, Monkoto,…
4	Sapeli	Equateur	Businga, Gbadolité, Lisala, Djolu, Bongandanga, Bumba...
		Province Orientale	Bafwasende, Isangi et Banalia, Basoko, Ubundu,…
		Bandundu	Bolobo et Oshwe.
5	Sipo	Equateur	Lisala, Djolu, Bongandanga,…
		Province Orientale	Aketi and Basoko.
6	Acajou d’Afrique	Equateur	Bongandanga and Bumba
		Province Orientale	Aketi and Basoko
7	Wenge	Equateur	Biroko and Lukolela
		Province Orientale	Opala
		Bandundu	Bolobo, Mushie, Inongo and Oshwe.
8	Afromosia	Equateur	Lisala, Djolu, Bongandanga
		Province Orientale	Bafuasende, Ubundu and Isangi
9	Limba	Equateur	Lukolela
		Bandundu	Bolobo
10	Bomanga	Kasaï Occidental	Mweka and Demba
		Province Orientale	Isangi, Opala, Ubundu and Basoko
		Maniema	Kibombo et Lubutu
		Bandundu	Bolobo, Mushie, Inongo and Oshwe.
		Equateur	Biroko and Lukolela.
11	Limbali	Equateur	Businga, Gbadolite, Bikoro, Lisala, Djolu, Bongandanga, Lukolela, Monkoto, Bumba,etc.
		Province Orientale	Bafuasende, Ubundu Isangi,Banalia, Aketi and Basoko
		Kasaï Occidental	Mweka et Lubutu
		Maniema	Kibombo and Lubutu
		Bandundu	Mushie, Bolobo and Oshwe.

 

 

 

3. Government Vision

• Increase the growth rate of the forest sector from 3% on average over the period 2007-2010 to 5% over the period 2012-2016;
• Support projects to plant about 3 million hectares of forest by 2025 under afforestation and reforestation programs, which can sequester about 3 million tons of CO2 equivalent and generate about 30 thousand permanent jobs and 300,000 temporary jobs;
• Increase the volume production of logs and semi-finished wood by around 10% per year over the period 201-2016.

4. Other advantages

• Diversity of raw materials (wood species) to be exploited;
• Possibility of evacuating the wood to the large production centers;
• Existence of electricity networks in the large production centers and of the workforce;
• Existence of several projects seeking funding submitted to private partners. The most significant are listed in the table below:

N°	Type	Number of Units	Investment costs	Jobs created	Nature of funding
1	Creation of wood production poles in rural areas	3	670,000 €	1,200 per pole	Public and PPP
2	Creation of the city of carpentry and cabinet making	2	1,400,000 €	1.800 per unit	Public and PPP
3	Creation of a territorial development platform on a pilot sector for the concentration of forestry development	2	1,500,000 €	1,000 per unit	Public and PPP
4	Creation of a wood-frame construction system for social housing	1	3,325,000 €	700 per manufacture of 600 houses	Public and PPP
5	Construction of a prestigious public building in wood structure	5	650 à 850 € depending on whether it is a school, a dispensary or a religious building	250 per unit	Public and PPP
6	Creation of a peeling unit for packaging from calibrated means on modest investments	1	850,000 €	1,400 per module of 10,000 m3 of logs	Private
7	Creation of a special institute for training of trainers dedicated to sawing performance	2	1,370,000 €	-	Public et PPP
8	School furniture manufacturing project	3	95,000 €	12 to 15 construction of school furniture every 2 years	Private or PPP
9	Pilot training center for woodworking professions, alternating between school and company.	3	1,170,000 €	20 students	Public and PPP
10	Technological Research Centre for Wood Material and its Valorization	1	400,000 €	2 jobs, 1 of which is at a very high level (doctorate in engineering)	Public and PPP
11	Pilot unit for electrical cogeneration based on related products from the wood industry	2	2 million to 4 million Euros depending on the size of the unit	9 to 12 people	Private

Source: Ministry of Industry, DPSI, 2011

5. Future Prospects

• The lifting of the moratorium by the Government of the DR Congo;
• The fight against illegal logging and the illegal trade in timber;
• The continuation of the forest management process in order to guarantee the sustainable and rational management of forests.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

XIII. Fishing and livestock farming

 

Fishing and livestock farming fact sheet

    I.   Legal framework

 

The Investment Code (See Law n° 004/2002 of 21/02/2002).

 The new Investment Code has the following objectives:

 

1. Promote the establishment of civil engineering companies responsible for the construction and maintenance of roads and highways as well as those involved in the public transportation of people and goods, whether by land, river or air;
2. Promote investments that will develop agriculture and agro-industry through mechanization with a view to ensuring food self-sufficiency in order to reduce imports of basic products and increase incomes in rural communities, improve the supply of raw materials to the food-processing industry and expand the internal market for consumer goods;
3. Fostering heavy investment to establish a solid industrial base on which sustainable economic growth will be based;
4. Fostering investment in the development of domestic natural resources at home in order to increase their value added and exportable volume.

 

Decree No. 13/049 of 06/10/2014 on the tax regime applicable to companies eligible for the Strategic Partnership on the value chain.

 

The purpose of the above-mentioned Decree is to establish a development tax as an integral part of the legal framework for economic promotion and the revival of national industrial units capable of improving the living conditions of national communities.

 

 

2.   Potentials

 

A.  Fishing

The fisheries sector includes marine fisheries, inland fisheries and aquaculture. Marine production comes from a small coastline about 40 km long wedged between Angola and the Republic of Congo, with an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) covering an estimated area of 1,150 km².

Freshwater fishery resources populate the country's many lakes, swamps and floodplains fed by the rich hydrographic system of the Congo Basin.

Aquaculture is mainly based on subsistence family fish farming in which the cultivation of Tilapias and catfish is preponderant despite the potential for breeding other species.

The Democratic Republic of the Congo has a significant fishing potential, estimated at more than 707,000 tons of annual production.

A potential linked mainly to its vast hydrographic network and its relief favorable to the development of fish farming. The development of fisheries is therefore a priority in the fight against food insecurity, as fish can easily supplement the animal protein needs of the poorest populations.

Current annual production, essentially small-scale and continental, is about 240 000 tons, i.e. about 30% of the potential. Because of the short length of the coast, catches of marine origin are modest and estimated at around 2% of total production since the 1980s, with only 6 000 tons.

This total production corresponds to an average annual consumption of 5.5 kg per inhabitant. All of this production comes from artisanal fishing using pirogues and beach seines.

 

The Wagenia fishery in the Tshopo Province

 

 Table n°1: Potential of the lakes in DR Congo

N°	Lakes	Geomorphological data
1.	Atlantic Coast	-      Surface area: + 820 km², -     Altitude: 0 m (at sea level) -     Length: 40 km -  Potential: 6,000 tons per year, but current production is estimated at 3,800 tons. -     Catches are mainly composed of the following species: gulidochromis, white shark, sole, perch, conger eel, captain, barracuda.
2.	Lake Tanganyika	-     Total area: 32900 km². -  Congolese part: 14,800 km²,(45%);Tanzania:13,500 km²,(41%); Burundi: 2,600 km²(8%); Zambia: 2,000 km²(6%) -    Altitude: 773 m -    Maximum depth: 1,436 m; minimum: 700 m -    Average depth: 570 m -    Length: 680 km -   Width: 7 km -   PH: 7.6 at swamp level and reaches 9.5 at full water level -   Total potential: 300,000 to 1,000,000 tons/year -   Temperature: 25°c -    Oxygenation limit: North Basin: 80 m, South Basin: 150 m -     The catches are mainly made up of pelagic species, 75% of which are stolothrissatanganicae, 10% limnthrissamiodon and 15% lates, luciolates and other species.
3.	Lake Kivu	-    Surface area: 2,700 km², of which 1,700 km² (63%) for DR Congo -     Altitude: 1,463 m -     Temperature: 24.5°C, 25.5°C -     PH: varies between 6.5-9.3 -     Length: 89 km -     Width: 48 km -     Average depth: 285 m, maximum; 485 m -    Annual production potential: 7,000 to 19,000 tons/year for the Congolese part. - Species: Bariliusubangensis, Barbus, clarias, Tilapia and Hyplochromis, Stolotrissatanganycae.

 

N°	Lakes	Geomorphological data
4.	Lake Edouard	-    Surface area: 1,940 km², of which 1,630 km² from DR Congo, (84%), Uganda: 310 km² (16%) -    Altitude: 916 m -    Length: 90 km -    Average width: 40 km -    Potential: 13,000 tons to 16,000 tons/year -    Average depth: 30 m, maximum: 117 m -  Species: The fish fauna is mainly composed of Tilapia (60%), Protopterus (10%), Bagrus (10%), Clarias (10%), Barbus (5%), Miscellaneous (5%). The number of fishermen is currently estimated at 1,600, while the constraint in this body of water is represented by the shortage of fishing equipment and the lack of processing and conservation infrastructures; as well as appropriate means of transport.
5.	Lake Albert	-    Surface area: 5,270 km², of which 2,420 km² (40%) for the DR Congo and 2,850 km² (54%) for the Ugandan part -    Altitude: 618 m -    Length: 160 km -    Width: 35 km -    PH: varies between 8.5 and 9.3 -    Average depth: 25 m, maximum: 56 m -   Surface temperature, water temperatures can reach 30°C while the bottom temperature is 22.5°C. -   The potential of the lake is estimated at 30,000 tons/year for the part of the DR Congo. -  The catches shall consist essentially of the following species: idrocyon, baremos, lates, tilapia and bagrus.
6.	Lake Moero	-    Surface area: 4,650 km² of which 1950 km² (42%) for the DR Congo. -    Potential: 12,000 tons/year -    Altitude: 930 m -   Exploited species: Tilapia macrochir (80%), Clarias, Synodontis, Barbus altivelis and the Mormyridae.
7.	The Kamalondo Depression	-    Surface area: 6,256 km². -    Altitude: 574 m -    Length: 250 km -  The exploitable potential of this depression is estimated at 30,000 tons/year, but current production is estimated at 17,000 tons/year. -  The catches shall consist essentially of the following species: idrocyon, baremos, lates, tilapia, protopterus and bagrus..

  

Table n°2: Main fish-bearing reaches

N°	PROVINCES	REACH	FISHING ZONES
1.	Former Bandundu Province	Lake Maï-Ndombe	Inongo, Kolobeke, Mushie
		Congo River	Bolobo - Kwamuth
2.	Former Equateur Province	Lac Tumba	Bikoro
		Congo River	Bumba-Lukolele
3.	Former Katanga province	Luapula Moero Complex	Kilwa, Pweto, Kasenga
		Lake Tshangalele	Mwandingusha
		Lake Nzilo	Seke
		Lake Tanganyika	Moliro, Moba, Kalemie
		Congo River	Kongolo, Kabalo, Bukama
4.	Former Province Orientale	Lac Albert	Kasenyi, Tsomia, Mahagi-port
		Congo River	Kisangani-Isangi
5.	Sud-Kivu	Lake Tanganyika	Baraka, Uvira
		Lake Kivu	Kalehe, Kazima, Nzula, Minova, Katana
6.	Nord-Kivu	Lake Edouard	Kyavinyonge, Vitshumbi
7.	Maniema	Congo River	Kindu
8.	Former Kasaï Occidental Province	Kasaï Occidental Reach	Bambane, Mapangu, Lodi, Eila, Port Ilumbe, Butala, Bokila, Kasaï Mwala, Kambuyi, Kambulu, Ilebo
9.	Former Kasaï Oriental Province	Kasai Oriental Reach	Lubilanji, Lomami, Tshiofa
10.	Former Bas-Congo Province	Congo River	Mpioka-Luozi, Boma-Estuaire
		Atlantic Ocean	Banana, Moanda, N’siamfumu
11.	Former Kinshasa Province	Congo River	Pool Malebo

 Source: General information on the main fishing areas Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Livestock, Directorate of Fisheries, Kinshasa, Sept. 2002. 

 

B. Livestock

 

The DR Congo has a potential of 40 million head of livestock. However, the Congolese national livestock is very diversified and dominated by goats in terms of head of animals: 11% cattle, 14% sheep, 15% pigs and 60% goats.

However, it should be noted that because of its tolerance to Trypanosomiasis, goats are reared in all provinces of the DRC. On the strength of this advantage, the DRC is a candidate for the creation of a center of research excellence for the improvement of goat productivity in East and Central Africa within the framework of the ECAAT project (Transformation of Agriculture in East and Central Africa) with the support of the World Bank.

 

Table n°2: Livestock numbers by species

SPECIES	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015
Cattle	794 773	842 453	893 006	946 585	1 003 378	1 005 385
Sheep	904 080	904 984	905 889	906 794	907 700	909 515
Goats	4 052 161	4 085 287	4 064 322	4 070 416	4 074 482	4 082 631
Pigs	977 379	981 158	984 952	988 461	992 584	994 569
Poultry	20 067 452	20 127 655	20 188 039	20 248 604	20 308 997	20 349 615

 Source: Ministry of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Department  (SNSA), Kinshasa, 2016.

 

Table n°3: Livestock numbers Cattle by province

PROVINCES	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015
Kinshasa	794	842	893	946	1 003	1005
Kongo-Congo	67 476	71 524	75 816	80 365	85 187	85357
Former Bandundu Province	161 418	171 102	181 369	192 251	203 786	204194
Former Equateur Province	4 928	5 224	5 537	5 869	6 221	6233
Former Province-Orientale Province	217 768	230 832	244 683	259 364	274 925	275475
Maniema	79	84	89	94	100	100
Nord-Kivu	77 809	82 477	87 426	92 671	98 231	98427
Sud-Kivu	88 618	93 934	99 571	105 545	111 877	112101
Former Katanga Province	125 495	133 023	141 006	149 466	158 434	158751
Former Kasaï-Occidental Province	32 903	34 877	36 970	39 188	41 539	41622
Former Kasaï-Oriental Province	17 485	18 534	19 646	20 825	22 075	22119
Total	794 773	842 453	893 006	946 585	1 003 378	1005385

Source: Ministry of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Department  (SNSA); Kinshasa, 2016.

 

  3. Market data

a.  Fishing

• The presence of a few private companies that carry out semi-industrial fishing activities, namely:

- BOSSA GRAND OCEAN: Chinese company that operates on the Atlantic Coast;

- MULTI INDUSTRIAL COMPANY OF KINSHASA, etc.

• A significant part of the market exists because domestic demand is largely met by imports.

 

 b. Livestock

The presence of a few private companies that carry out breeding activities such as the N'Sele Presidential Farm, the Kavima Plantation and Livestock farming at Mont-Ngafula, etc.

 No entry barriers for new investors in this sector, etc.